![](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Hittle-v-City-of-Stockton-1.png)
Summary of facts: The former fire chief of Stockton, California was fired for, in the words of a city official, being “part of…a Christian Coalition” within the fire department, and for attending a faith-based leadership conference. The former fire chief sued in federal court under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of religion. He lost in the trial court and appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The appeals court panel ruled against the former fire chief, excusing the city official’s claim as a “reasonable inquir[y].” The former fire chief then filed a petition for rehearing, seeking reconsideration of the panel’s decision by the full Ninth Circuit.
RFI position: The Ninth Circuit should reverse the panel’s ruling against the former fire chief. As it now stands, this opinion provides a roadmap for employers to justify similar, impermissible inquiries into the practices of members of religious minority groups.
Read the amicus brief here.
THE RFI BLOG
![Featured image for “RFI President Speaks on Religious Freedom and Depolarization at Notre Dame Summit”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DT-Speaking-at-ND-Religious-Liberty-Summit.jpg)
RFI President Speaks on Religious Freedom and Depolarization at Notre Dame Summit
![Featured image for “Religious Freedom Is Being Ignored This Election”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/UK-FCO.jpg)
Religious Freedom Is Being Ignored This Election
![Featured image for “Celebrating America’s Independence and First Freedom”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/SparklerAmericanFlag-scaled.jpg)
Celebrating America’s Independence and First Freedom
![Featured image for “State Department Releases Annual Report Documenting Dire Global Religious Freedom Picture”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/IRF-Report-Cover-2023.png)
State Department Releases Annual Report Documenting Dire Global Religious Freedom Picture
![Featured image for “RFI President David Trimble Talks Religious Freedom Week on Drew Mariani Show”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RFWLogo_FullColor.jpeg)
RFI President David Trimble Talks Religious Freedom Week on Drew Mariani Show
CORNERSTONE FORUM
![Featured image for “Challenges to Religious Freedom in Iraq and the Critical Need for Action”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IMG_3666.jpg)
Challenges to Religious Freedom in Iraq and the Critical Need for Action
![Featured image for “Public Bioethics & the Failure of Expressive Individualism”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/headshot.jpg)
Public Bioethics & the Failure of Expressive Individualism
![Featured image for “Religious Liberty in American Higher Education”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/031623-Jennifer-Lichter-002-e1682974563353.png)
Religious Liberty in American Higher Education
![Featured image for “Scotland’s Kate Forbes and the March of Secularism”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jerry-Li-Pic01.jpg)
Scotland’s Kate Forbes and the March of Secularism
![Featured image for “70 Years of Religious Freedom in Sweden: Prospects and Challenges”](https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Jacob-380-e1447190060158.jpg)